【頒布單位】 國務院辦公廳
【頒布日期】 19870825
【實施日期】 19870825
【內容分類】 交通
各省、自治區、直轄市人民政府，國務院各部委、各直屬機構：國務院口岸領導小組《關于加強空運進口貨物運輸管理的暫行辦法》，已經國務院同意，現轉發給你們，請遵照執行。
關于加強空運進口貨物管理的暫行辦法
隨著我國對外貿易和對外經濟技術交流的發展，空運進口貨物的數量迅速增長，空港疏運任務日益繁重。為了加速空港貨物流轉，避免積壓，特作如下暫行規定：
一、凡利用空運進口貨物的單位，在委托有經營該項商品進口業務權的外貿、工貿公司訂貨時，必須按受委托單位的要求認真填寫進口訂貨單，其中收貨單位一欄要寫明單位全稱和詳細地址，并注明聯系人姓名和電話號碼。
二、因賣方責任造成進口貨物短缺或者毀損，需向賣方提出索賠和補發貨物時，由原訂貨公司對外辦理。因特殊情況，由進口用貨單位自辦的，必須要求賣方在運單上注明合同號、收貨人（委托外運公司或其他貨運代理部門進行代理的，填外運公司或其他貨運代理部門），并將辦理結果及時通知原訂貨公司。
三、外貿、工貿公司應當按照批準的經營進口商品的分工范圍，接受委托訂貨。對需要進口許可證的貨物，進口用貨單位如果沒有辦妥許可證，外貿、工貿公司不得受理。外貿、工貿公司應當嚴格按照有關規定審核進口訂貨單和編寫嘜頭代號標記。
有關業務人員應當認真掌握嘜頭標記的組成結構，嚴格按照每個代號的次序排列，不得顛倒、錯寫和增減。
新批準成立的外貿、工貿公司，應當在批準之日起一個月內向經貿部（運輸局）申請辦理嘜頭代號。尚未申請的，一律在本辦法下發之日起一個月內補辦手續。任何單位不得自編和借用其他單位的代號。經貿部（運輸局）應當對各外貿、工貿公司使用的嘜頭代號，定期進行檢查和清理。
四、外貿、工貿公司對外簽訂空運進口貨物合同，應當爭取采用ｆｏｂ價格（賣方將貨物交到買方指定飛機上的價格）條款，充分使用我國民航飛機，盡量利用外運 公司或其他貨運代理部門在國外的空運代理。外貿、工貿公司對外簽訂的合同條款中，應當充分考慮國內報關和疏運方面的需要。要求賣方填寫運單、制作單據發票時，必須填寫同一嘜頭標記、合同號，并提供足夠的份數。在貨物外包裝上，應當要求賣方刷制完整醒目的嘜頭標記。
五、外貿、工貿公司簽訂合同后，應當及時將合同副本、許可證等有關材料，寄送外運公司或其他貨運代理部門，作為接交報關代運的依據。
六、民航貨運部門在空運進口貨物到港后，應及時與外運公司或其他貨運代理部 門辦理貨物的交接工作，逐票點清。如果貨物發生短缺、破損或者全票貨物丟失，應當由民航貨運部門簽發商務記錄。
七、外運公司和其他貨運代理部門在收到委托代理報關的貨物后，應當在海關規定的期限內，及時辦理報關分撥。對雖屬委托報關但報關手續不全，或者沒有委托報
關但又屬貨運代理部門負責通知的，外運公司或其他貨運代理部門應當在報關期限內，向訂貨或者收貨單位發出三次通知或查詢函。即貨到后第一次發到貨通知或查詢函；超過一個月未能報關的，第二次發催報通知或查詢函；超過兩個月未能報關的，第三次發催報通知或查詢函。信件一律用掛號發出。由民航貨運部門直接交付收貨人的貨物，民航要在貨到后兩個月內發出三次催報通知。
八、為了弄清情況，以利催報，對空運進口貨物自運輸工具申報進境之日起滿兩個月尚未報關的，民航貨運部門、外運公司或其他貨運代理部門可分別向海關申請開拆貨物包裝。貨物包裝開拆應當在海關的監督下進行。開箱記錄由海關簽字證明。
九、收貨單位不得借故不報關、不提貨。如確有原因，應及時向海關和民航貨運部門、外運公司或其他貨運代理部門說明理由，并在三個月內處理完畢。在此期間，收貨單位對廣告資料、樣品、禮品以及失去時效的索賠件可以向海關聲明放棄。對根據合同進口的貨物和尚未失去時效的索賠件，原則上不得放棄；確有理由放棄的，必須經主管部門批準。
十、海關應當本著既把關又服務的精神，簡化手續，加快進口貨物的驗放速度。對于進口貨物驗憑國家規定的批準證件按規章予以放行。海關對于索賠貨物，應按照海關總署《關于無代價抵償進出口貨物的征免稅規定》驗放。對當時交驗索賠證明有困難的，在收貨人提供必要的擔保后，海關可先予以放行，并限期補辦手續。對于不屬國家限制進口商品且又無法提供發票的樣品、禮品 ，經收貨人申請，海關可以開箱查驗，做出估價，并按規章予以征稅或免稅放行。
十一、收貨單位自運輸工具申報進境之日起，超過三個月未向海關申報的，其進口貨物即應由民航貨運部門、外運公司或者其他貨運代理部門分別移交海關變賣處理。變賣應當遵循經濟、節約、物盡其用的原則，儀器、機械設備應當盡可能變賣給有關單位。變賣所得貨款在扣除運輸、裝卸、儲存等費用和稅款后，尚有余款的，自貨物變賣之日起一年內，經收貨單位申請，由海關予以發還；對逾期無人申請的，上繳國庫。
十二、進口用貨單位，外貿、工貿公司，外運公司和其他貨運代理部門以及空港所在地海關等，要嚴格執行本辦法，并應根據本辦法建立和健全規章制度，明確崗位責任。
十三、各地口岸委（辦）應當根據國務院辦公廳《關于地方口岸管理機構職責范圍暫行規定》（國辦發〔１９８７〕２１號），組織口岸有關單位，對本辦法的執行情況進行檢查，遇有矛盾及時協調解決。對違反本辦法造成空港壓貨，致使貨物變質、索賠件失去時效或者出現無主貨等現象的，應當查清情況，追究責任方或者責任人員的經濟和行政責任。
十四、國務院口岸辦應當會同經貿部、海關總署、中國民航局等部門，按本辦法的規定定期進行檢查，及時研究解決存在的問題。
國務院口岸領導小組
一九八七年八月二日
INTERIM MEASURES CONCERNING STRENGTHENING ADMINISTRATION OF IM-POR
TS BY AIR
Important Notice: (注意事項)
英文本源自中華人民共和國務院法制局編譯, 中國法制出版社出版的《中華人民共和國涉外法規匯編》(1991年7月版).
當發生歧意時, 應以法律法規頒布單位發布的中文原文為準.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THEPEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the StateCouncil of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法規全文)
INTERIM MEASURES CONCERNING STRENGTHENING ADMINISTRATION OF IM-
PORTS BY AIR
１.(Approved and promulgated by the State Council on August 25, 1987)With the development of China's foreign trade and economic andtechnological exchanges with foreign countries, the amount of imports byair has increased rapidly and the task of transporting goods from airportshas become increasingly arduous. The following interim measures areformulated in order to speed up the flow of goods at airports to prevent
goods from being kept too long in storage:1. When entrusting the foreign trade companies and the industrial tradecompanies which are empowered to import the relevant commodities to do theordering, the units importing goods through air transport must
conscientiously fill out import orders according to the instructions ofthe entrustedunits. The full name of the units and the detailed addressesmust be written in the column for the consignee, with the names andtelephone numbers of the persons in charge clearly indicated.
2. When it is necessary to claim damages and demand resupply of goods fromthe seller because of lack or loss of imported goods caused by the seller,the company which didthe ordering shall be responsible for the workinvolved. If, in special cases, the job must be done by the usersthemselves, it is necessary to ask the seller to indicate clearly on theway bill the number of the contract and the consignee (if foreign tradetransport companies or other agent transport departments are entrusted to do the job, the names of these companies or departments shall beindicated) and notify the company which did the ordering of the goods ofthe results.
3. Foreign trade companies and industrial trade companies should acceptentrustment for ordering goods within the approved scope of business forhandling imported commodities. They must not accept entrustment fromthose user units which have not obtained import licences for the goods.
These companies should examine and verify import orders and write themarks, codes and symbols in strict accordance with the relevantstipulations. The relevant personnel should be professionally familiarwith the structure of the marks and arrange the codes strictly accordingto their order. No such mistakes as reversion, addition and subtractionmay be allowed.
Newly-established foreign trade companies and industrial trade companiesshall apply to the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade (orits Transport Bureau) for marks and codes within one month of approval forthe establishment. Those companies which have not applied must go throughthe formalities within one month of promulgation of these Measures. Nounits may be allowed to devise their own codes or borrow the codes ofother units. The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade (or its Transport Bureau) shall conduct regular check-ups of the marks and codes
used by various companies.
4. When signing contracts of imports by air with foreign businessmen andcompanies, foreign trade companies and industrial trade companies shouldtry to fix FOB prices (prices calculated on the basis that the sellerdeliver the goods to the planesdesignated by the buyer) in the clauses sothat our civil aviation planes and the agencies for air transport of ourforeign trade transport companies or other agent transport companiesstationed in foreign countries will be used as much as possible. Whensigning contracts with foreign businessmen and companies, foreign trade
companies and industrial trade companies should take into fullconsideration the factors of Customs clearance and transport in China.
When the sellers are requested to write way-bills, bills and receipts,they must provide consistent marks, codes and the numbers of thecontracts, with enough copies. It is also necessary to ask the sellers tomake eye-catching full-size marks and symbols on the outside packing ofthe goods.
5. After signing contracts, foreign trade companies and industrial tradecompanies shall promptly send copies of the contracts, the licences andother relevant materials to foreign trade transport companies or other agent transport companies as certificates for taking over the goods,Customs clearance and transport.
6. After imported goods arrive at airports by air, transport departmentsof the civil aviation administration shall promptly complete the formalities for handing over the goods to the relevant foreign trade transport companies and other agent transport companies, with every lot ofgoods carefully checked. In case of any lack or damage of the goods or ofloss of the whole lot of goods, transport departments of the civil
aviation administration shall sign and issue certificates.
7. After receiving the goods entrusted for Customs clearance, foreigntrade transport companies or other agent transport companies should gothrough the formalities within the time limit prescribed by the Customs.
With respect to the goods which have been entrusted for Customs clearancebut are not armed with adequate number of documents and those goods whichhave not been entrusted but belong to the category for which agenttransport companies have the duty to notify the relevant units, thesecompanies should send three notices or letters of inquiry to the units ordering the goods or the consignee within the limited Customs clearanceperiod. Upon the arrival of the goods, a notice of arrival or a letter ofinquiry shall be sent; if the goods are not cleared through the Customswithin a month, a notice of pressing for Customs clearance or a letter ofinquiry shall be sent; if the goods are not cleared through the Customswithin two months, another notice of pressing for Customs clearance or athird letter of inquiry shall be sent. All the notices and letters shallbe sent by registered mail. With respect to the goods which should bedirectly handed over to the consignee by transport departments of thecivil aviation administrations, the departments shall send three notices of pressing for Customs clearance within two months of the arrival of the goods.
8. In order to find out the real situation to facilitate the Customsclearance, in case that goods imported by air are not cleared through the Customs two months after the day when the means of transport were declaredfor entry, transport departments of the civil aviation administration,foreign trade transport companies or other agent transport departments may send separate applications to the Customs for opening the packing of the goods. The opening of the packing shall be conducted under the supervision of the Customs, which shall sign and issue the relevant certificates.
9. Under no excuses may consignees refuse to go through the formalitiesconcerning Customs clearance and refuse to take delivery of their goods.When there are good reasons, they should promptly explain to the Customs,transport departments of the civil aviation administrations, foreign tradetransport companies or other agent transport departments, and complete thejob within three months. During this period, the consignees may declare to the Customs that they abandon the relevant advertisement material,samples, presents and those documents of claims for damages which havexceeded the prescribed period of validity. The goods imported through
contracts and those documents of claims for damages which have notexceeded the prescribed period of validity may not be abandoned inprinciple. When there are good reasons for the abandonment, approval mustbe obtained from the competent department.
10. The Customs should simplify the formalities and speed up theexamination and clearance of imported goods in the spirit of providinggood service but with strict examination. The imported goods withdocuments of approval issued by the
State shall be cleared according to the relevant regulations.
The goods for which damages have been claimed shall be examined and cleared in accordance with the Stipulations Concerning Imposition of orExemption from duties on Imported and Exported Goods Compensated at No Costs formulated by the General Administration of Customs. If it isdifficult for the consignees to produce the certificates of claims for theexamination on the spot, the Customs may clear the goods first after the consignees provide necessary guarantee and promise to go through the
formalities within the time limit. With respect to the samples andpresents which do not belong to the category of imported goods restricted
by the State but are not supported by receipts, upon the application ofthe consignees, the Customs may open the packing for examination, offer an appraised price and clear the goods with or without taxes according to theregulations.
11. If consignees fail to declare to the Customs within three months ofthe declaration for entry by the means of transport, their imported goodsshall be transferred to the Customs for sale by the transport departments of the civil aviation administration, foreign trade transport companies orother agent transport department. The goods should be sold in the principle of economy and making the best use of everything. Instruments and machinery equipment should be sold as far as possible to the relevant
units. The money from the sale of such goods, after the deduction of theexpenses for transport, loading and unloading and storage as well as the duties, shall be returned by the Customs to the consignees upon their applications within one year of selling. The money shall be turned over to the State treasury if no one applies for it.
12. Units importing goods, foreign trade companies, industrial tradecompanies, foreign trade transport companies and other agent transportdepartments as well as the Customs at the airports must all strictlyimplement these Measures and should, in accordance with these Measures,establish and amplify theirrules and regulations and clarify post responsibilities.
13. The commissions (or offices) in charge of port affairs in variousregions shall, in accordance with the Interim Provisions for the Scope of Competence of Local Administrative Organs for Port Affairs issued by the General Office of the State Council, organize various relevant units at the ports to jointly check the implementation of these Measures and solve contradictions promptly through coordinated efforts.
In case that goods have gone bad, documents claiming for damages have exceeded the prescribed period, or owners of the goods cannot be found because of clogged airports caused by violations of these Measures, investigations shall be carried out to pursue the economic and administrative liabilities of the responsible units or persons.
14. The Leading Group for Port Affairs of the State Council shall, inconjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, the General Administration of Customs, the Civil Aviation Administration of China and other relevant departments, conduct regular checkups and promptly review and solve existing problems.
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